Problem Solving Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving Essay How did you interpret the problem? The first time I read the problem, Ive interpreted it as a mental exercise to test how I can apply my problem-solving skills.   I saw the problem as something that needs a combination of strategy and logic to solve.   Ive met a problem of a similar nature sometime ago.   Although it was of a different kind, the idea is the same.   This problem will turn out to be confusing at first, but once Ill get a clearer picture of the sequence, then solving it will become possible. What strategy did you use and how did you evaluate your progress? At the start, Ive used the trial and error method.   By picking a random animal, I was able to find a step-by-step process that solved the problem.   I was able to evaluate my progress by constantly checking that I have followed the given conditions and the attempts at crossing have not produced negative results.   By successfully transferring one animal from one bank to another, while the remaining two were compatible told me that the steps I was following were correct. The first step I employed is to list down the given conditions in this problem.   These are: i) dog and cat cant be together; and ii) cat and mouse cant be together. Having those two sets of conditions, the next thing I did is to put the cat on the raft, leaving the dog and mouse on the riverbank.   That first attempt proved to be a failure because I dont know yet how to make the raft return to the other side without an animal on it.   The next thing I tried is to load the dog and the cat on the raft together to see if nothing will happen to the cat.   The condition only said that the cat will get eaten if left on the riverbank with the dog. But on reading the problem again, it says that only one animal can ride on the raft.   After discovering that the raft will cross the river without an animal, solving the problem became easy. River Problem 2 The problem can be solved by first leaving the cat on the other side while the man goes back to pick the dog.   On his way back, hell bring the cat with him.   Upon reaching the bank, hell bring the mouse and leave the cat.   He will then deposit the mouse with the dog while he goes back to fetch the cat. Did you encounter any obstacles while solving the problem? Yes. The first obstacle that Ive encountered is how to make one animal cross, leave it on the opposite bank, and bring the raft back to where the remaining animals are.   After Ive found out that the raft can travel across the river without an animal on it, the problem became easier to solve. Were you aware of this thought process as you worked through the problem? Yes, I was aware of how my mind was processing these thoughts as I was working through the problem.   This is basically a logic exercise, which suggests that in order to properly assess the problem, its necessary that youre aware of how your thought process is developing.

Heart of Darkness: Psychoanalytic Criticism Essay -- Psychoanalysis Si

Heart of Darkness: Psychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivated by psychological forces over which we have very limited control (Guerin 127). One of Freud’s most important contributions to the study of the psyche is his theory of repression: the unconscious mind is a repository of repressed desires, feelings, memories, wishes and instinctual drives; many of which have to do with sexuality and violence. These unconscious wishes, according to Freud, can find expression in dreams because dreams distort the unconscious material and make it appear different from itself and more acceptable to co nsciousness. They may also appear in other disguised forms, like in language (sometimes called the Freudian slips), in creative art and in neurotic behavior. One of the unconscious desires Freud believed that all human beings supposedly suppress is the childhood desire to displace the parent of the same sex and to take his or her place in the affections of the parent of the opposite sex. This so-called â€Å"Oedipus Complex,† which all children experience as a rite of passage to adult gender identity, lies at the core of Freud’s sexual theory (Murfin 114-5). A principal element in Freud’s theory is his assignment of the mental processes to three psychic zones: the id, the ego and the superego. The id is the passional, irrational, and unconscious part of the psyche. It is the site of the energy of the mind, energy that Freud characterized as a combination of sexual libido and other instincts, such as aggression, that propel the human organism through life, moving it to grow, develop and eventually to die. That primary process of life is completely irrational, and it cannot distinguish reasonable objects and unreasonable or socially unacceptable ones. Here comes the secondary processes of the mind, lodged in the ego and the superego. The ego, or â€Å"I,† was Freud’s term for the predominantly rational, logical, orderly and conscious part of the psych... ...ut: Librairie Du Liban Publishers SAL, 1994. Guerin, Wilfred L., et al. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Hewitt, Douglas. â€Å"Conrad: A Reassessment.† World Literature Criticism. Ed. Polly Vedder. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 789-92. Hughs, Richard E. The Lively Image: Four Myths in Literature. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop Publishers, 1975. Karl, Frederick R. â€Å"A Reader’s Guide To Joseph Conrad.† World Literature Criticism. Ed. Polly Vedder. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 785-9. Leavis, F. R. â€Å"From The Great Tradition.† A Practical Reader in Contemporary Literary Theory. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1996. 246-7 Mudrick, Marvin. â€Å"The Originality of Conrad.† World Literature Criticism. Ed. PollyVedder. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 782-5. Murfin, Ross C. Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness: A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989. Saà ¯d, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Knopf, 1979. Wright, Elizabeth. â€Å"Psychoanalytic Criticism.† Encyclopedia Of Literature And Criticism. 1991 ed. 765-7.

The Impact of Cultural Capital on Advertisement

The impact of Cultural Capital on advertisement Class Professor *** Name Date Overview The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu first proposed the concept of cultural capital. Since the 1980s, social capital has become a popular concept in many disciplines concerned and analysis of important starting point. Hofstede (1980) published a study in the field of cultural significance of the research results. In 1980s, scholars did a large number of cross-cultural consumer behavior based Hofstede’s cultural construct.After the 1990s, globalization and technological revolution in the joint action, cultural issues in all areas of marketing, reflected in all directions, the impact of cultural capital on advertisement journals were seen everywhere. â€Å"Advertising. † The word of foreign origin, derived from the Latin word â€Å"Adteurture†; its basic meaning is the meaning of attention and induce the latter evolved into the English language â€Å"Advertise†. In recen t years, advertising fills of people’s lives. From the television’s ads, newspaper’s ads, outdoor walls’ ads, to the network, advertising are seen every where.But in different cultural background, consumer values, consumption patterns and consumer behavior are different. Cultural capital has a deep impact on advertising, which cannot be ignored. Today's society is in economic globalization; all the advertising companies cannot separate from cultural capital. We need to know when planning to advertise the nation's culture, and culture types, this is the ads, predictable. â€Å"Cultural capital has three subtypes: embodied, objectified and institutionalized. † (Bourdieu, 1986). According to three different types of cultural capital.Below, I will talk about my type of advertising of these three different effects. Embodied cultural capital Embodied cultural capital is embedded in the individual's cultural capital. One of the most important parts is the language of the capital. â€Å"Linguistic capital, defined as the mastery of and relation to language, can be understood as a form of embodied cultural capital in that it represents a means of communication and self-presentation acquired from one's surrounding culture. † (Bourdieu, 1990) A hundred years ago, an American visited a Chinese government officer and his wife.First meeting, the American praised the officer’s wife was very beautiful. The officer replied: â€Å"Where, where. † The American did not understand, thought and answered â€Å"from the top to the bottom. † The officer still said â€Å"Where, where. † The American got confused. From this story is easy to see cultural shuck; when Chinese people are praised, they often reply â€Å"where† as a humble answer; meanwhile, Americans say â€Å"thank you†. In advertising design should also consider this factor. For example, â€Å"white elephant† is a battery brand; they first translated their company name into English â€Å"White Elephant† directly, but found poor sales.Later, they realized that white elephant in some countries is considered to be useless things. Who will buy useless things? With the lion was sent to the company described as a powerful force. They renamed their company â€Å"Brown Lion†, meaning the battery is strong, powerful. Sales really improved. In the study of language and culture, The Chinese company â€Å"Haier† was a successful story when it founded in China. The first time the company was called â€Å"qindao-libohaier†, then before entering the international market, it changed its name to â€Å"haier†, a catchy name is not only simple to speak, but also share the same pronunciation with â€Å"higher†.Language is the main tool of culture and communication. Languages of different ethnic groups also showed different ways of thinking. It is this difference that has cultural differen ces, but it also constitutes an obstacle to advertising. However, in various languages, the same concept can be used to explain things or title meaning. Furthermore, it is this commonness for different cultures that provides a basis for communication. In the design of advertisement, the use of this commonness can make the advertising language have less effective results. Objectified cultural capital Objectified cultural capital consists of physical objects that are owned, such as scientific instruments or works of art. † (Wikipedia) These cultural products can be transferred to economic capital such as Physical nature, in advertising design, mainly in aesthetic taste, business negotiations, consumption patterns, new product development and packaging, the color range on the part of Objectified cultural capital. Today,color is called a universal language; it shapes the character and not only has the function to open up markets, but also has great promotional role.For example, re d has been accepted in many countries, especially Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, India, in the festive activities. In these countries, streets and people’s houses are decorated with red as the main colors; red ornaments are also very popular. But in Germany, people do not like red. A Chinese red package for fireworks that was exported to Germany was once slow moving. After a survey, the fireworks company found that consumers in German feel insecurity from red, then they changed the package color to gray.Sales increased sharply as a result. In the United Kingdom and the United States, gold and yellow are symbols of honor and loyalty, so they are the favorite colors of men. In the United States, a yellow taxi is the most popular; meanwhile, Kodak's film is also known for its yellow packaging, but in Japan, yellow sometimes has the meaning of morbid or unhealthy. Thus, yellow for Japanese men is a taboo color. The color of culture may have different advertising eff ectiveness. Institutionalized cultural capitalInstitutionalized cultural capital consists of institutional recognition, most often in the form of academic credentials or qualifications, of the cultural capital held by an individual. (Wikipedia) Social structure affects the way people interact and their consumption patterns. Advertising design should be based on the country or region depending on the application of different social structure, market segmentation, product positioning. Family size and background, education, income, occupation, social class belongs to the division.In Middle Eastern countries, the average family unit is the family, including parents and children, family size lot, so advertising the focus should be on family. Otherwise, a country's general education level of the factors that determine a lot of advertising. In some countries more than 70% of the population is illiterate; text ads apparently will not have very good market, its design means it should make mo re use of image-based. Supplements Beside Pierre Bourdieu's three subtypes of Cultural Capital, cultural capital of the advertising I think there is another important effect: the timeliness.Different countries and nationalities have their own forms of traditional festivals and celebrations. China's traditional festivals are the Spring Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival. Europe and many countries have Easter, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. There are many different areas of the world with various cultural festivals. Festival time and content are different, but shopping during the holiday season often peaks. This is also advertising the best time, so designers should know in advance the situation festival, to seize the opportunity. Another example,product placement is very popular in recent years.The film industries, and the market, continue to develop; product placement is bound to become more common. The film itself is a cultural product, in addition to its own original entertainment fe atures; advertising has become a special carrier. Each film has its own schedule, so people tend to focus on the film that will be fixed in time or the first round of the premiere broadcast. Indeed, in the first release, the audience is full of curiosity with novelty, we look forward to most, when most concerned about; it should be the best advertising time. SummaryCultural ties and capital have been associated for more than 20 years. Numerous cases demonstrate the importance of cultural capital. Advertising should follow the laws of the market. The advertising industry is a cultural industry; culture is the basis for the development of the advertising industry. A national culture based on advertising will be a healthy campaign. Design should understand the culture of the international market, and according to their cultural analysis of advertising, production, adjust to better meet the target country markets, to meet the needs of the international market of consumers.

Essay on International Business Structure and Strategy

Essay on International Business Structure and Strategy Since 1980s the global competition is becoming very important for the world and national economics’ development. It begins to have a decisive influence on the strategic planning and management not only in the largest transnational corporations, but also in companies that have traditionally relied upon the national market. Companies are involved in the processes taking place in international business either directly or indirectly. International business is similar to the national business in many ways, but there are significant differences that must be taken into account for the successful implementation of international strategies. The main problem is to overcome differences in national cultures, which manifest themselves quite often. International business operates in countries with different cultures, so the same formal parameters of starting a new business (the amount of capital raised, number of employees, production assets, performance incentives, etc.) can be implemented, when used in different cultural environments, and lead to different results. International businesses face some serious challenges issues and solutions about what products (services) should be attractive for various foreign markets, possible problems with the transfer of currency, the uncertainties associated with predicting the costs and profitability, creating significant management problems, the impact of different cultures, the complexity of choosing the optimal structure for international business, taxation and pricing, high political risks, etc. Specifics of financial planning is determined by the following problems: volatility in exchange rates, revaluation of currencies, particularly the national taxation, possible difficulties with the export of funds from abroad, problems with in-house transfer pricing, problems in terms of estimating performance of foreign subsidiaries, etc.